We examine local labor markets in the United States and Canada from 1990 to 2011 using comparable household and … business data. Wage levels and inequality rise with city population in both countries, albeit less in Canada. Neither country … nominal wages similarly, although in Canada they attract immigrant and highly skilled workers more, while raising housing …

using macroeconomic data on employment, unemployment, participation, and (for Canada) migration and real wages. We find that … area countries. Within Canada, the results indicate that labor markets in Ontario and provinces further west are more …