We present a growth model in which R&D increases productivity, union-firm bargaining determines the distribution of … wages. Because firms try to escape this cost increase through the improvement of productivity by R&D, the economy grows …

industry productivity and social welfare. For this purpose we develop a reciprocal dumping model of international trade with … heterogeneous firms and endogenous R&D. We identify two effects of trade liberalization on productivity: a direct effect through … low (high) trade costs; (ii) increases expected industry productivity; and (iii) raises expected social welfare if trade …

industry productivity. For this purpose we develop a reciprocal dumping model of international trade with heterogeneous firms … expected industry productivity. The central results of the paper regarding firm and industry level R&D spending differ … significantly from the case of homogeneous firms. -- international trade ; firm heterogeneity ; R&D ; productivity ; market …