The role of learning and R&D in economic development is addressed in an endogenous growth model. When human capital is … innovation activities and learning drive growth above this level. Hence, an endogenous regime shift is triggered when the level …

Students around the world are going to school but are not learning-an emerging gap in human capital formation. To … understand this gap, this paper introduces a new data set measuring learning in 164 countries and territories. The data cover 98 … worldwide, learning has stagnated; (b) girls outperform boys on learning-a positive gender gap-in contrast to a negative gender …