Customary international law is an enigma. It is produced by the decentralized actions of states, and it generally lacks centralized enforcement mechanisms. Political science realists and some rationalist legal scholars argue that customary international law cannot affect state behavior: that it...

Introduction : toward the fourth freedom -- Welfare economics of migration -- Ethics of migration -- International political economy of migration -- Existing international law of migration : customary international law, human rights law, and multilateral migration conventions -- Existing...