Background: The Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT) showed that the bisphosphonate alendronate reduces the risk of fractures in women with low bone mass in the United States. Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness (cost per life-year gained and cost per quality-adjusted life-year, QALY,...

A growing body of correlational studies suggests that sex hormones such as those contained in, or affected by, oral contraceptives (OCs) may impact economic behavior. However, despite widespread use of OCs among women in Western countries, little is known about their potential behavioral...

The aim of medical innovations is to improve health. A medical innovation can be defined as the application of new medical knowledge, often but not always embodied in a product, for example a pharmaceutical drug. Improved medical knowledge is the product of investments in medical research and/or...