In light of the ongoing review of the policy on the application of Article 82 EC by the European Commission, this paper first describes how to calculate potential foreclosure effects and then sets out some common fallacies to be found in the discussion of rebate schemes. The paper discusses the...

This paper analyzes the role of the reference period in assessing switching costs in retroactive rebates. A retroactive rebate allows a firm to use the inelastic portion of demand as leverage to decrease price in the elastic portion of demand, thereby artificially increasing switching costs of...

Following the standard (acquisition of control) merger logic, merger control regimes have typically treated horizontal minority shareholdings as a matter of coordinated effects. As in a standard horizontal merger case, the transaction implies full control of the target firm and joint profit...

The European Commission's remedial practice displays important differences in the type of remedies accepted in merger versus antitrust cases. This paper provides a review of the Commission's remedies practice over the last 14 years highlighting the differences and discussing inconsistencies. In...

The internet traffic prioritization, traffic management, or network neutrality debate (however it is labeled) fundamentally centers on the question of how packet inspection technology can be used and, more specifically, if data packet inspection should be used to differentiate price and or...

The article briefly introduces Hans Albert and the basic elements of his critique of neoclassical economics as a form of "model Platonism". The two most important elements of his general methodological critique of economics — namely the institutional vacuum inherent in much economic modelling...

On 29 September 2010, the Commission adopted a commitment decision pursuant to Article 9 of Regulation 1/2003 against ENI Spa (ENI). With this decision the Commission made binding on ENI commitments that it had offered to address the Commission’s preliminary concerns regarding potential abuse...

We analyze the effects of ostracism on cooperation in a linear public good experiment with fixed partner design. Our results show that introducing ostracism increases contribution levels significantly except in first and last periods. Despite reductions in group size due to ostracism, the net...