This paper studies a simple model of experimentation and innovation. Our analysis suggests that patents may improve the … project to implement. A successful innovation can be copied by other firms. Symmetric equilibria (where actions do not depend … equilibria). In contrast to patents, subsidies to experimentation, research, or innovation cannot typically achieve this …

to provide latitude to the Member States to tailor their national patent laws to fit their individual needs. In 2001, the … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique … compulsory licensing, the most notable exception to patent rights provided under the TRIPS Agreement. This empirical study is …

affordable generic medicines when it starts granting patents for pharmaceuticals. It systematically compares Cambodia's IP laws … strengthening the use of preventive and remedial TRIPS flexibilities and removing criminal sanctions for patent infringements …. Cambodia should reject any TRIPS-plus provisions in its patent legislation and avoid membership in bilateral or plurilateral …

water-efficient farming methods as drip irrigation. Youth innovation can play a powerful role in achieving sustainable …