Fertility has long been declining in industrialised countries and the existence of public pension systems is considered … which a public pension system depresses fertility. Our theoretical framework highlights that the effect of a public pension … system on fertility works via the impact of contributions in such a system on disposable income as well as via the impact on …

migration affected fertility by building a decennial bilateral migration matrix between French regions for 1861-1911. The … suggest the convergence towards low birth rates can be explained by the diffusion of low-fertility norms by migrants …

migration affected fertility by building a decennial bilateral migration matrix between French regions for 1861-1911. The … suggest the convergence towards low birth rates can be explained by the diffusion of low-fertility norms by migrants …

We investigate the determinants of the fertility decline in Europe from 1830 to 1970 using a newly constructed dataset … new fertility behavior from French-speaking regions to the rest of Europe. We observe that societies with higher education … of linguistic distances between European regions. We find that the fertility decline resulted from a gradual diffusion of …

instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by … previous-generation fertility and sex-imbalance ratio, we find that causation between fertility and education runs both ways …. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. -- schooling ; fertility transition ; unified …

In this paper we argue that the fertility decline that began around 1880 had substantial positive effects on the health … that the fertility decline is a neglected source of the rapid improvement in health in the first half of the twentieth … century. -- Fertility decline ; heights of children ; health in Britain …

instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by … previous-generation fertility and sex-imbalance ratio, we find that causation between fertility and education runs both ways …. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. -- Schooling ; fertility transition ; unified …

The interaction between investment in children's education and parental fertility is crucial in recent theories of the … significant negative causal effect of education on fertility, which is robust to accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The … increased during the first half of the nineteenth century. -- education ; fertility ; quantity-quality trade-off ; unified …

female labour market participation, which is in turn related to fertility reduction. Lastly we find that more rapid urban … growth accelerates fertility decline, but, in late 19th century Britain it slowed the reduction of infant mortality …. -- fertility ; infant mortality ; education and sanitary reform ; women's participation ; education ; 19th century and early 20th …

factors underlying historical fertility limitation, the role of parental education has received little attention. We combine … their fertility before the demographic transition. Despite controlling for several demand and supply factors, we find a … negative residual effect of women's education on fertility. Instrumental‐variable estimates, using exogenous variation in women …