/or on gravity models of trade. Our results show that RTA formation appears to have a cyclical pattern on the world trade … network community structure. We document periods where bilateral trade flows and the structure of the world trade network are … in which the pattern in the world trade network is not explained by RTA formation. Two periods, 1986-1990 and 1997 …

, revealing that deepening existing agreements (the intensive margin of regional integration) could boost world trade by 5 percent … and world GDP by 1 percent. The expected gains from deepening agreements within or across regions vary depending on the …