The paper asks whether the exercising of the NATO membership option is justified for Finland and Sweden in the light of …. The Turkish intervention in the membership process after the membership applications of Finland and Sweden were delivered … their geopolitical state after Russia's attack on Ukraine. It was the Gallup democracy, which launched the political moves …

through the extension of franchise. This is because democracy always implements a highly redistributive fiscal policy, which … makes fighting hard incentive-compatible for the citizens-soldiers. We show that a transition to democracy is more likely to …

through the extension of franchise. This is because democracy always implements a highly redistributive fiscal policy, which … makes fighting hard incentive-compatible for the citizens-soldiers. We show that a transition to democracy is more likely to …