petro populism and reform, 1997-2011 -- 4. Iran's free trade zones: Back doors to the international economy? -- 5. The role … of government in the Iranian banking system, 2001-11 -- 6. The development of Iran's auto industry in a comparative … perspective -- 7. The Iranian economy in the shadow of sanctions -- 8. Wage discrimination against women in Iran -- Index. …

for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience …This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … development of the middle class. Specifically, it investigates how the middle class in Iran would have developed in the absence of …

In this paper, we study the effects of institutions and policies on economic growth and poverty, paying close attention … poverty reduction largely through its effect on economic growth. Though not a panacea, less cumbersome regulations governing … poverty reduction more directly. While the impact of trade openness on growth is not clear, increases in trade shares have …