We show that choices in competitive behavior may entail a gender wage gap. In our experiments, employees first choose a … employee has generated, the remuneration scheme chosen, and the employee's gender. Employers then decide how the pie will be … split, as in a dictator game. Whereas employers do not discriminate by gender when tournaments are chosen, they take …

The research develops and tests a model of gender differences on the effects of competition and cooperation on decision … their female counterpart within a mixed-gender dyad. In contrast, females' satisfaction is only affected by the degree to … which dyad members behave cooperatively. The model is tested within the context of 76 mixed-gender dyads that are in an …

Gender differences in competitiveness have been suggested as an explanation for the observed dearth of women in highly …-ranked positions within firms. In this paper we ask: could a price mechanism be used to achieve gender balance? Our results show that … if the rewards to competition are sufficiently large, women are willing to compete as much as men and will win as many …

data from a lab experiment conducted with a representative sample of adolescents in Norway and high quality register data … crucial for understanding the large gender difference in the willingness to compete. Girls are much less willing to compete … than boys among children from better off families, whereas we do not find any gender difference in willingness to compete …

gender differences in pay and promotion is that men and women respond differently to competitive environments. We examine … competitive settings and whether the performance of men and women is affected by the gender of their opponents. The data show that … in head-to-head competition men beat their female opponents over 72% of the time. Controlling for ability using past …

toward competition. Gender differences in risk aversion, however, seem to play a smaller and less robust role. We conclude by …Laboratory studies have documented that women often respond less favorably to competition than men. Conditional on … competition. This means that few women enter and win competitions. We review studies that examine the robustness of these …

In a real effort experiment with repeated competition we find striking differences in how the work effort of men and … experiment. Our findings shed new light on why women may be less inclined to pursue competition-intensive careers … explain more of the variation in behavior for women, and account for about half of the gender performance gap in our …

In almost all European Union countries, the gender wage gap is increasing across the wages distribution. In this … returns and focus especially on those incorporating pyschological factors as an explanation of the gender gap. Research areas … differences between men and women that might lead to gender wage gaps …

, and differential responses to luck account for about half of the gender performance gap in our experiment. These findings … help to explain both female underperformance in environments with repeated competition and the tendency for women to select …