In the first chapter, we examine the relation between efficiency and competition in a dynamic framework. For this purpose, we measure efficiencies and conduct of the U.S. airlines in two city-pairs. We model the conduct parameter as an unobservable state variable which is an AR(1) process and...

This study applies a panel data stochastic frontier analysis to country data towards examining the effect of gender equity in labor market opportunities upon efficiency in the production of GDP. It finds that aggregate technical efficiency is improved by a widening of women's labor market...