The Global Antitrust Institute (“GAI”) respectfully submits this Comment to the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) in connection with their Request for Information on Merger Enforcement (“Merger RFI”) This comment addresses the questions...

The rise of big tech firms has steered contemporary antitrust law and policy debates toward concerns about leveraging and refusal to deal by digital platforms. Recent unilateral conduct cases and new legislative proposals for ex ante regulation target platforms that favor their own services over...

There has been an explosion in the past 10-15 years of bilateral and regional free trade agreements in Latin America (together "preferential free trade agreements" or PTAs). The purpose of PTAs is to increase trade, regulatory and investment liberalization. As trade liberalization requires more...

Remedies often get overlooked in discussions of antitrust litigation, treated almost as an afterthought. When remedies have been part of the antitrust debate the focus has often been on an after-the-fact assessment of their effectiveness, or on the general question whether there should be a...

There is widespread concern that dominant platforms may be undermining competition by discriminating against rivals in adjacent markets, such as by refusing to let rival sellers use their platforms or by engaging in “self-preferencing.” Such acts fall within a category of unilateral conduct...

At long last, the Biden Administration has a permanent head of the Antitrust Division. Jonathan Kanter has much work to do. One easy place to begin? Cleaning up the “holdup” mess left by his predecessor, Makan Delrahim.Delrahim entered office in 2017 determined to shake things up. He had...

The present paper analyzes the interaction between the economic review of the probition of abuses of a dominant position (Article 82 EC) on the one hand and the efforts to enhance private enforcement of competition law through private damage claims on the other hand. The paper argues that...

This paper explores the concept of vertical restraints or restrictions. It includes references to the competition law regimes of the European Union (EU), United States (US), and the People's Republic of China, as well as the key case law. It is part of the Concurrences' Global Dictionary of...

The determination of market power of a firm or a group of firms and the prevention of its negative effect on the other market participants requires a previous definition of the relevant market. The relevant market represents a group of products or geographical areas that render it impossible for...