"Despite international sanctions, North Korea's trade has exhibited quantitative growth. However, the sanctions have also limited North Korea's trade partners to China. The surging demand for anthracite in China has skewed North Korea's trade structure, leaving it vulnerable to external shocks...

Despite international sanctions, North Korea's trade has exhibited quantitative growth. However, the sanctions have also limited North Korea's trade partners to China. The surging demand for anthracite in China has skewed North Korea's trade structure, leaving it vulnerable to external shocks...

Many agree that the economy of North Korea has changed under the Kim Jong-un regime, but there are often different interpretations as to whether these changes are in line with the continued transformation from the 1990s or they should be seen as a completely separate trend. And the way of...

The international community’s sanctions against North Korea, triggered by North Korea’s nuclear tests and by missile development in the country, are considered the strongest sanctions in history, banning exports of North Korea’s major items and limiting imports of machinery and oil...

This paper empirically examines the relationship between inter-Korean trade and inter-Korean relations over the past three decades. It asks two questions: (1) Does inter-Korean trade contribute to improved interKorean relations and peace on the Korean Peninsula? (2) Does improved inter-Korean...

This paper investigates the economic costs of the recent United Nations sanctions on North Korea. Exploiting a novel data set on North Korean firms, we construct measures of regional exposure to export and intermediate input sanctions and show that trade sanctions cause sharp declines in local...

Korean Abstract: 핵실험으로 촉발된 국제사회의 제재에도 불구하고 북한의 무역은 양적으로 성장했다. 그러나 제재로 인해 북한의 교역 상대는 중국으로 한정되었으며, 對중국 무연탄 수출이 급격히 증가하였다. 중국과...

Korean Abstract: 본 보고서는 북한의 석유류 도입, 소비, 유통 및 가격 결정에 대한 사항을 구체적이고 종합적으로 논의한다. 우선 북한의 석유류 도입에 대한 장기 시계열 자료를 재구축하기 위해 국제기구, 한국의 통계기관,...