Political identity has become the strongest social divide within Western societies. This paper employs experiments to measure discrimination along multiple dimensions of social identity, and replicates previous findings showing the strongest discrimination against out-groups occurs in the...

This paper reviews three distinct strategies in recent economics for using the concept of social identity in the explanation of individual behavior: Akerlof and Kranton's neoclassical approach, Sen's commitment approach, and Kirman et al.'s complexity approach. The primary focus is the multiple...

Norms established through the process of socialization, perhaps voluntarily accepted or affirmed, perhaps building on certain genetic predispositions, provide part of the framework within which individuals pursue their self interest. Intellectually defensible microeconomic analysis, in its...