Competition law serves as an important tool for regulation of undertakings. In order to conduct a competition law analysis, one must first define the relevant market. However, this task is becoming more intricate in today’s digital era, especially in relation to so-called zero-price markets....

Future Art. 102 TFEU cases concerning online platforms will require revisiting the process of the market definition in light of the complexities that are likely to arise due to the two- or multi sided nature of such platforms. This distinctive nature will firstly require determining the number...

Waste management has gradually become an issue of major economic importance. Many operators have developed economic activities, creating, in so doing, a host of markets. The application of competition law on such markets will be assessed in this contribution, regarding more especially the...

In competition law, the relevant market acts as a filter that delineates that part of commerce within which competition law assesses companies’ market behaviour. This contribution considers how competition law can reconcile the legal concept of the relevant market with its economic roots. It...

This comment is submitted by the Global Antitrust Institute (GAI) to the European Commission (Commission) for consideration in relation to its consultation on its Notice on the definition of relevant market for the purposes of community competition law

The European Commission's recent draft Notice describes the use of supply-side substitution factors in defining relevant markets for the application of competition law. Expanding a defined market to include goods not substitutable on the demand side, based on the competitive strength of a broad...

In its “Discussion Paper for Interim Report No. 5” of February 2022, the ACCC asked for suggestions on updating competition and consumer law for digital platform services. This paper addresses the larger issues involved from a specifically “European perspective”. To these ends, the...

Leading jurisdictions around the world are debating whether the nature of data-driven digital markets and the smart technologies that enable these markets require a re-thinking of how antitrust law applies to digital markets. There are many aspects to consider in this discussion, relating both...

The report discusses the enforcement of competition law in Poland in the context of the digital economy. Topics covered include the goals of competition law in the digital era, market power and market definition, the characteristics of behaviour considered anticompetitive, as well as regulatory...

Digitalisation is a challenge from the regulatory point of view. Competition law, as a special type of regulation, is no exception to this. The article explores the risks of digitalisation, especially the ones related to the enhanced use of pricing algorithms. In theory, pricing algorithms are...