During the Cold War, Japan seldom showed an interest in the political conditions in aid recipients. However, after the Cold War, Japan has been actively imposing negative aid sanctions (the suspension or a decrease in foreign aid) on recipient countries where undesirable policy changes occur,...

In Japan, the aid administration system was very complicated. Although there were more than ten government agencies involved in Japan’s ODA program, the aid administration had been dominated by three ministries and one agency – the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), the Ministry of Finance...

This book examines the diffusion of digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies in Malaysia by focusing on the ecosystem critical for its expansion. The chapters examine the digital proliferation in major sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, e-commerce and services, as well as the...

Chapter 1: Overview of ASEAN; Aida Idris, Nurliana Kamaruddin -- Chapter 2: ASEAN at 50: The Rise Of China And The Emerging Regional Integration Architecture; Kee Cheok Cheong, Ran Li, Qianyi Wang -- Chapter 3: The ASEAN-ROK Economic Relations: Challenges and Opportunities; Nurliana Kamaruddin,...