, we find negative earnings differentials, lower employment rates and higher unemployment for Indigenous populations and … employment outcomes, while we find evidence that Métis people have worse employment outcomes and negative earnings differentials …

We propose estimating gender peer effects in school by exploiting within-school variation in gender composition across … birth cohorts. Our approach differs from the existing literature, which exploits variation in gender composition at a given … generally yields spurious gender peer effects when there is grade retention. The birth cohort approach applied to primary …