This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of … imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize … the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a …

innovation. The dataset is complemented with indicators of patent quality (patent renewal, forward citations, and patent family … commercialized as well as whether this commercialization was profitable or not. Thus, this patent database measures technological …

Patents are widely used in the literature as a measure of firm-level innovation. It is regarded that patents improve a …

This paper studies the effects of the USPTO's patent secrecy program in World War II, under which over 11,000 U ….S. patent applications were issued secrecy orders which halted examination and prohibited inventors from disclosing their … returns to innovation, and yield lessons for ongoing policy discussions over potential measures to protect U.S. inventors …

This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and …

British patent system prior to its reform in 1852 was cumbersome and expensive. Whether it facilitated or delayed the … Industrial Revolution is hotly debated. This paper's contribution is to examine the incentives to patent, and the characteristics … of patentees, by observing the entire population of British patents granted up to the patent reforms of 1852. I find …

China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity … by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than … patent holders. Furthermore, the paper examines what drives patenting activity. Higher R&D spending by the firm and higher …

observe export and patenting activities worldwide and at the product level. We exploit how heterogeneity of patent … coverageacross (and within) product-country relates to exports. We find a patent premium of at least 10 percent, which is mainly …

This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and … provide a rather complete picture of the innovation activities of Italian firms, in terms of patents and trademarks, and we …