Could trade sanctions improve environmental cooperation by reducing countries’ incentives to free ride? While carbon tariffs are a widely debated environmental policy, their ability to facilitate climate cooperation remains unclear. We examine game-theoretic models of environmental...

How do domestic politics influence the formation of international institutions, and what are the effects of international institutions on domestic politics? In this policy paper, we examine how leaders use preferential trading agreements (PTAs) with the European Union and the United States to...