The paper analyses the European Court of Justice's decision in cases C-274/11 and 295/11 (Spain and Italy v Council) regarding enhanced cooperation for the creation of the European patent with unitary effect - the unitary patent. The actions called for an annulment of the Council decision...

This article is structured as follows. Part II provides a succinct summary of recent China's assertive external conduct. Based on the created Assertive Foreign Policy Index, we choose several cases from the sample for the deeper analysis to understand the reasons behind foreign policy decisions....

This article began as mere curiosity over what appeared to be a paradox – Singapore and Hong Kong share countless economic and geopolitical similarities and compete vigorously for foreign direct investment (FDI), yet only the former has become a pharmaceutical hub while the latter struggles to...

Earlier this year, the European Commission carried out a public consultation on Building a European Data Economy. The key legal question of the initiative is how access and use rights in industrial data, as a digital resource, should be defined and allocated in order to achieve the objectives of...

The paper examines a set of assumptions about artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, often taken as factual premises in discussions on the future of patent law in the wake of ‘artificial ingenuity’. The objective is to draw a more realistic and nuanced picture of the...

The article addresses specifics of trade secret protection under international investment law. As a particular example, it analyzes protection of pharmaceutical regulatory data against the background of the growing public policy campaign for broader access to clinical trial data and the recent...

This inquiry is prompted by the unprecedented policy of the European Medicines Agency that enables the disclosure of clinical trial reports submitted for drug marketing authorization, effective as of January 1, 2015. It addresses the question whether such practice is in compliance with the...

This article offers preliminary findings into the pharmaceutical laws and policy of Hong Kong. Applying a framework approach to identifying the linkages between pharmaceutical patents and policy objectives in the areas of public health, medical innovation and pharmaceutical industry development,...

The article addresses the problem of restricted access to industry-sponsored clinical trial data. In particular, it analyses the intersection of the competing claims that mandatory disclosure of pharmaceutical test data impedes innovation incentives, and that access facilitates new drug...