This article examines the personal scope of the International Labour Standards of the ILO. It argues that the ILS do not set out a universal definition of the terms “employee” or “ employment relationship”. Instead, even when the ILS use such terms as “employment” or “employment...

The so-called “gig-economy” has been growing exponentially in numbers and importance in recent years but its impact on labour rights has been largely overlooked. Forms of work in the “gig-economy” include “crowd work”, and “work-on-demand via apps”, under which the demand and...

The Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal is publishing a collection of papers on the gig-economy and labor law, edited by Valerio De Stefano (International Labour Office and Bocconi University). This collection, entitled “Crowdsourcing, the Gig-Economy and the Law”, gathers contributions...

A recent development on European labour markets, platform work, has attracted significant attention in academic and policy circles (Eurofound, 2015). Still, much of the available evidence is anecdotal, and there is limited understanding of the implications of platform work for the labour market...

This report maps a kaleidoscopic array of platform-mediated working arrangements, by clustering the findings into three main subsets (passenger transport services, professional crowdsourcing, on-demand work at the client’s premises). Many initiatives taken by the European institutions and...