An “invention,” as used in the United States patent laws, refers to anything made by man that employs or harnesses a …

The IEEE-SA updated patent policy and the Business Review Letter issued by the US DoJ have caused much discussion in … the antitrust risk for all forms of coordination, including arrangements of the type found in the IEEE-SA updated patent …

in the patent doctrine of contributory infringement. Previous scholars have explored the potential for intellectual …

largely satisfied with today's patent system while the electronics, software and Internet industries are not. This article … inventive process for pharmaceuticals. Our patent system, however, has no analogous requirement for the other fields. In them … biotech industry may be closing the gap in early-stage patenting. This article suggests two ways to improve our patent system …

We show how characterizing optimal patent policy for the pharmaceutical industry only requires information about …, we use data on Paragraph IV patent challenges, and two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws … and another on the allocation of patent applications to examiners. We find that extending effective patent duration …

crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in … the US pharmaceutical industry. We estimate the effect of patent length and scope on generic entry prior to the expiration … of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …

an important input to subsequent innovation, the exclusive rights conferred by a patent may also impose significant costs … upon follow-on innovators. Optimal patent policy should seek to maximize the patent incentive effect, while minimizing … burdens placed on future innovation by tailoring the scope of the patent to the characteristics of each technological sector …

We present a model of process innovation that offers an explanation for the negative relationship between patent … favor imitation. Since imitation is discouraged for strong levels of patent protection, we find that R&D investment is often … maximized for an intermediate protection level. In addition, an increase in patent protection can enhance the innovator …

the current European patent system, one of the most advanced, complex, and contested economic systems in Europe. The … conclusions elaborate on some normative implications regarding the weaknesses of the European patent system, and underline the …

patenting decisions are unresponsive to differences in patent laws. Cross-section evidence suggests that high-quality and urban …