Price-fixing is characterized when firms are concerned about creating suspicions that a cartel has formed. Antitrust … laws have a complex effect on pricing as they interact with the conditions determining the internal stability of the cartel …

collusion. It allows an upstream cartel to shield itself from private damage claims by forwarding a share of cartel profits to … private damages. The cartel can achieve this by rationing inputs at low prices. Several U.S. antitrust cases show symptoms of …

to decline as antitrust enforcement regimes had become stricter. As predicted by cartel theory, market structure is an …Using the overcharge estimates for 406 cartel episodes, I evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics and market … overcharges. If a leading firm has a high market share, the overcharges tend to decrease. As the number of cartel participants …

Using the overcharge estimates for 333 cartel episodes, we evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics and changes in … selling price. International cartels imposed higher overcharges than domestic cartels. Longer cartel episodes generated higher …

Cartel ringleaders can apply for amnesty in some jurisdictions (e.g., the E.U.), whereas in others they are excluded (e ….g., the U.S.). This paper provides a survey of identified ringleaders in recent European cartel cases and explores … ringleader, the role of ringleaders was very diverse and ringleaders were typically the largest cartel members. Our theoretical …

Cartel ringleaders can apply for amnesty in some jurisdictions (e.g., the E.U.), whereas in others they are excluded (e ….g., the U.S.). This paper provides a survey of identified ringleaders in recent European cartel cases and explores … ringleader, the role of ringleaders was very diverse and ringleaders were typically the largest cartel members. Our theoretical …

Using a sample of modern international cartels, we analyze the level and determinants of cartel sanctions imposed on … gains from collusive conduct outweigh its costs represented by cartel sanctions. While the average (median) overcharge … characterizing the analyzed sample is 27.8% (27.0%) of affected sales, the average (median) cartel fine is 10.2% (2.1%) of the volume …

Using the overcharge estimates for 395 cartel episodes, we evaluate the impact of cartel characteristics on the size of … statistically significant. International cartels tend to impose higher overcharges than domestic cartels. Longer cartel episodes …

global vitamins cartel, using legal and economic analysis and also empirical data to describe the effect. The article … vitamins cartel at the heart of the Empagran matter, describing empirical research done by Author Connor and others. This … research suggests a fundamental and important link between a cartel's activity here and abroad, as well as the importance of …