While there has been an extensive literature on the challenge procedure of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) in general, as well as excellent country studies on the operation of the national challenge procedures of several key GPA Members, no such study has been conducted for Hong...

The resolution of the issue of what role regulatory purpose might play in adjudicating the consistency of origin-neutral measures under the GATT National Treatment rule is essential to the resolution of the tension between trade liberalization and domestic autonomy with respect to the use of...

Since the very beginning, the P4 Agreement has been conceived as a catalyst for a broader free trade agreement (hereafter ‘FTA’) that would ultimately include most major economies in Asia Pacific. That’s why the Agreement includes an explicit clause that allows ‘any APEC economy or other...

This article considers some aspects of the relationship between World Trade Organization law and general public international law. It will consider matters arising in WTO jurisprudence impacting on the relationship between WTO law and general public international law. This article considers,...

Initially a hardly-noticed agreement, the TPP has become the hottest buzzword in the FTA game since the US-led group launched negotiations in 2010. What is the history of the TPP? Why did the US make it its top priority in trade policy? What are the promises and problems in the TPP negotiations?...

Since the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established, China has made large-scale efforts to shape its trade remedy system through legal and organizational changes. Through these changes, China could clarify the meanings of WTO anti-dumping provisions including the provision relating to the...

On 10 November 2001, China finally acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO) after a marathon negotiation spanning 15 years. China's membership in the WTO raises interesting questions for both the WTO and China. For the WTO, the question is how to deal with China a huge country of growing...

This article reviews the evolution of rules on digital trade in US FTAs, and argues that the US approach has shifted from treating it largely as a traditional trade issue to recognizing its unique digital nature and tailoring the rules accordingly, as it has done in the Trans-Pacific Partnership...

As a landmark achievement in the development of the China–Australia bilateral economic relations, the China–Australia Free Trade Agreement (“ChAFTA”) achieves a higher level of liberalisation in education services compared with China's commitments under the World Trade Organisation and...

"Aggressive Legalism" is defined as a strategy whereby a WTO Member uses the substantive rules of the WTO to counter what it deems to be the unreasonable acts, requests and practices of its major trading partners. When they first joined the GATT, both Japan and Korea were reluctant to use the...