Institutional investors report that they prefer to invest in firms with greater board independencedespite the fact that researchers have been unable to demonstrate a link between boardindependence and firm performance. We investigate whether differences among institutionalinvestors affect these...

In this study, we examine firm and board characteristics that predict whether a new CEO will come from the firm's current management, from the board of directors, or from outside the firm. This study is the first to recognize the potential for outside board members to compete for the CEO...

Institutional investors report that they prefer to invest in firms with greater board independence despite the fact that researchers have been unable to demonstrate a link between board independence and firm performance. We investigate whether differences among institutional investors affect...

The cost of early retirement associated with patients with PD was substantial. Given that the proportion of Americans participating in the labour force in older age groups is expected to increase, PD-related early retirement costs will likely rise. </AbstractSection> Copyright Adis Data Information BV 2011

<Emphasis Type="Bold">Objective: To determine and compare the cost utilities of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists adalimumab and infliximab as maintenance therapies for patients in the US with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease. <Emphasis Type="Bold">Methods: Maintenance regimens of adalimumab (40 mg every other...</emphasis></emphasis>

Direct costs for newly diagnosed PD patients exceeded costs for controls without PD, and increased with PD progression. Direct costs were approximately 6–7 times higher in patients with advanced PD than in matched controls. Indirect costs represented 45 % of total excess costs for newly...

Background:Background: The indirect costs of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be larger than direct healthcare costs, and the largest component of indirect costs is income loss related to early retirement. No recent retrospective analysis details PD-related early retirement and income loss in the...