We review the motives for internationalization to clarify previous classification. We build on behavioral economics and propose a classification of internationalization motives as the result of the interaction among two dimensions, an economics-driven exploitation or exploration of resources and...

We analyze how firms in underdeveloped countries overcome human capital voids – a prevalence of very low levels of skills among individuals – to improve performance. Building on the knowledge-based view, we argue that managers can strategically select organizational upgrading mechanisms to...

This study reviews the literature on Multilatinas, Latin American multinationals, and provide suggestions for using these firms as a laboratory for extending existing theories and models of the multinational. Analyses of their behavior tend to discuss their upgrading of capabilities and their...

Emerging market multinationals are becoming leaders in their industries, able to compete on equal terms with firms from advanced economies, but their paths toward global leadership are not always smooth. This book examines the specific challenges faced by emerging market multinationals as they...

This chapter explains how the lessons derived from the analysis of Mexican multinationals, MultiMexicans, in a variety of industries contribute to a better understanding of the strategies used by emerging market firms to upgrade capabilities and internationalize. The chapter explains two main...

This chapter introduces the content of the book State-owned multinationals: Governments in Global Business. The book provides a deep understanding of state-owned multinationals and their role in global business. State-owned multinationals have emerged as a force to contend with in global...

This chapter explains the benefit of analyzing Mexican multinationals, MultiMexicans, as a laboratory for better understanding of the internationalization of emerging market firms. MultiMexicans are increasingly expanding across countries, and some have become leading firms in their industries....

Business groups are an organizational model in which collections of legally independent firms bounded together with formal and informal ties use collaborative arrangements to enhance their collective welfare. Among the different varieties of business groups, diversified business groups that...

We briefly review the evolution in the analysis of the boundaries of the firm in global strategy. We explain how initial studies that argued that firm boundaries were driven by the minimization of transaction costs were later complemented by analyses that proposed that firm boundaries were...

We analyze how a firm's home country influences its internationalization. We propose two complementary types of influence. First, we conceptualize a firm's international trade as shaped by four drivers: comparative advantage, comparative disadvantage, country-of-origin advantage, and...