costs in a so-called base year. Such regulation is employed, among others, to govern electricity distribution operators in …. A connected set of price caps exists so that a hybrid regulation consisting of any element in this set and the cost …

and pricing to support the introduction of competition into previously regulated monopoly industries. …This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on the regulation of natural … monopolies. It covers alternative definitions of natural monopoly, public interest regulatory goals, alternative regulatory …

In this paper, we assess the impact of competition and regulation on prices of mobile services in France. We estimate …-adjusted prices to a set of competition and regulation variables and find that the launch of 4G networks by mobile operators was the … introduced to pre-empt the entry of low cost competitor declined at the time of entry. Moreover, we find that regulation, which …