­The literature devoted to economic development concerns itself in a growing de­gree with the role and importance of institutions­­­

Ecological questions have proven particularly fruitful to illustrate Luhmann's theory of society as an integrative perspective cutting across the scientific, economic, legal, and political domains. In this paper, we will discuss the development of carbon trading as a case study of how reflexive...

Less than 1% of U.S. Federal judges report political motivations for retirement and resignation. However using two centuries of data, I show that 13% of retirements and 36% of resignations follow political cycles. When the President comes from a different political party as judge's party of...

Politicians' behavioral changes as an election nears have typically been attributed to the incentive effects of an election. I document that behavioral changes can occur even for unelected judges.Using data from 1925-2002 on U.S. appellate judges, who are appointed for life, I find that just...

This paper introduces the concept of ‘ritual' for analysing the interaction between informal and formal institutions, taking land property rights in South China as an empirical case. By ritual, we refer to public actions that involve artefacts and create common knowledge about behavioural...

Multinational corporations (MNCs) adopt increasingly diverse and complex marketing channels to sell their products worldwide, thus prompting questions about how to manage channels that confront diverse demands from headquarters (HQ), foreign subsidiaries, and local partners, as well as complex...

Two new evolutionary game models are presented where ownership and trade emerge from anarchy as evolutionary stable strategies. In these models, ownership status provides an endogenous asymmetrizing criterion enabling cheaper resolution of property conflicts

Two new evolutionary game models are presented where ownership and trade emerge from anarchy as evolutionary stable strategies. In these models, ownership status provides an endogenous asymmetrizing criterion enabling cheaper resolution of property conflicts

We construct a database of U.S. federal court decisions pertaining to copyright and changes in federal statutory copyright law, and use this database to assemble indices measuring changes in the breadth of copyright protection. We combine our indices with information on excess returns to equity...

This paper calls for the massive redesign of U.S. intercollegiate athletics departments in light of their widespread and fundamental failure to serve a bona fide student affairs mission. Part I of this article discusses the general purpose of student affairs departments within the broader...