The development of women's entrepreneurship has positive implications for societal and economic growth. In this study we examine the effects of culture and, more specifically, collectivism on women's businesses. With a mixed-method and multilevel approach, we conducted a quantitative...

Motivation is an important factor that distinguishes those nascent entrepreneurs who make progress towards an operating venture from those who do not. Based on Vroom's (Work and motivation, 1964) expectancy theory, we predict that startup-specific instrumentality, valence and expectancy are key...

Through a mixed methods approach, we explore how perceived dangers differ by gender, and the way women's businesses affect and are affected by their perceptions of dangers. From surveys in a war zone (Afghanistan), we found that women perceive less danger than men do. In follow-up interviews, we...

Little is known about the drivers of entrepreneurial decisions during war. We empirically examine the effects of perceived danger, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and resilience on entrepreneurial intentions in adverse conditions with primary survey data from Afghanistan. Our findings suggest...