Investment treaty law – which is scattered over 3 000 international investment agreements adopted over a period of 50 years – is a crucial but complex basis for regulating international investment flows. Investment treaties are often thought to be silent on investors’ responsibilities to...

The purpose of the article is to examine the substantive labor standards that are found in various international investment agreements (IIAs), and assess their potential impact on investment law and investment arbitration in general. Part A positions labor rights within the concept of...

The paper seeks to examine the African International Investment Agreement (IIA) reform approaches and their viability to reconcile investment protection and sustainable development. The first part examines African experiences with traditional IIAs and identifies their main impediments to the...

This work analyzes the Agenda 2030 in its main potentiality to lead public policies and private actions towards a more sustainable path. At the same time it acknowledges its dependency on measurements and finance mechanisms for the Sustainable Development Goals implementation. The main argument...

This guide provides an analysis of past trade agreements, set within the context of developments in international economic relations. It shows that there can be gains from more trade and economic integration, but that there have also been losers.There are clear dangers to economic and social...

The chapter explores the different forms in which references to international labor standards appear in International Investment Agreements (IIAs), and provides an analytical framework to evaluate their intended purpose and potential effects. After discussing the role of international labor...