This is an Online Appendix to accompany: “Troll” Check? A Proposal for Administrative Review of Patent Litigation …

The contributory infringement rule assesses liability to a third party that contributes to the infringement of a patent …

raised successfully, it annuls the plaintiff’s right and relieves not only the defendant, but also the entire world of the …

How does patent enforcement affect subsequent innovation? I exploit patent infringement litigation in the United States … to analyze the effect of patent enforcement on cumulative innovation. The results imply that subsequent innovation … patent and reductions in asymmetric information are particular driver of the increase in follow-on innovation. Although there …

The role of individual inventors, small firms and entrepreneurs in the patent courts has become controversial for two … patents in cases filed in 2000 and 2002, we explore how the resolution of patent cases relates to the nature of the parties …. In particular, we examine whether individual inventors and entrepreneurs are ability to defend their patent rights and …

Recent studies estimate that the economic impact of U.S. patent litigation may be as large as $80 billion per year and … that the overall rate of U.S. patent litigation has been growing rapidly over the past twenty years. And yet, the … relationship of the macroeconomy to patent litigation rates has never been studied in any rigorous fashion. This lacuna is notable …

Using novel inter-firm patent litigation data, we show that defendant firms become financially constrained, reduce … innovation strategy reflects the patent race motives and hedging demand of defendant firms against future litigation. These real … consequences of patent litigation are evident among firms in similar product markets, indicating significant interplay between …

The twenty-first century “patent litigation explosion” is not unprecedented. In fact, the nineteenth century saw an … even bigger surge of patent cases. During that era, the most prolific patent enforcers brought hundreds or even thousands … more patent litigation, per U.S. patent in force, than the entire United States in 2013. Even the absolute quantity of late …