There exists a well-developed statistical theory predicting extreme price values for financial markets known as extreme value theory (EVT). This approach relies on the seemingly obvious, but rarely analyzed, assumption that price displacement extremes actually exist for various markets. This...

The principal purpose of this paper is to derive an expected value measure of the tax underreporting rate given only tax authority enforcement data. The main result is that the expected value measure of the underreporting rate is a modified geometric mean function of the audit rate and the...

The IRS's audit enforcement policy is based on the principle that audits deter taxpayers from cheating and therefore increase voluntary tax compliance. For more than forty years, however, there has been considerable debate over whether higher audit rates actually contribute to increased...

This brief response to Michael Graetz's forthcoming article in the Columbia Tax Journal explores just one of the "unknowable unknowns" concerning the border-adjustment tax proposal in the House Republican Blueprint. The implication is that there are most likely numerous lurking unknowable...

The probabilities associated with a tax return being audited or containing underreported tax are formulated here in a different way. This new formulation is mathematically equivalent to the traditional formulation; however, it reveals a trigonometric relationship between these probabilities that...

This outline provides a basic introduction to techniques used to perform mental multiplication, including squares, quickly and accurately. It is intended for social scientists and other non-S.T.E.M. professionals obligated to deal with numbers on a daily basis (e.g., tax attorneys, accountants,...

The classic deterrence theory model of income tax evasion first articulated in 1972 has met significant criticism because it does not comport with the observed rate of tax compliance. This article argues that the classic expected utility model and its various progeny, including nonexpected...

Describes the behavior of financial markets as functions of the variables 'price return' and 'time' based on the net difference between ask and bid volumes over a unit period, thereby suggesting that at least a negative non-trivial price return extreme exists for a unit period. This admittedly...

For individual taxpayers engaged in offshore tax evasion, the U.S. government has issued a clarion call of deterrence best summarized in the song made famous by Martha and the Vandellas: “Nowhere to run to; nowhere to hide.” Yet, the jury is still out — literally — for most bankers,...

A tax authority wants to take actions it knows will foster the greatest degree of voluntary taxpayer compliance to reduce the "tax gap." This paper suggests that even if a tax authority could attain a state of complete knowledge, there are constraints on whether and to what extent such actions...