Using several independent data sets, we investigate the relationship between gender and corruption. We show using micro data that women are less involved in bribery, and are less likely to condone bribe taking. Cross-country data show that corruption is less severe where women hold a larger...

Using several independent data sets, we investigate the relationship between gender and corruption. We show using micro data that women are less involved in bribery, and are less likely to condone bribe taking. Cross-country data show that corruption is less severe where women hold a larger...

We find that tariff rates decreased less rapidly in more corrupt countries in instrumental variables (IV) estimation, using mortality rates of European settlers at the time of colonization as IV. Our finding implies that tariff rates are endogenous to corruption.