This article analyzes renewable energy disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO), explores the specific WTO norms that have been, and are likely to be, engaged by trade-distortive measures that WTO Members may seek to argue have been taken to promote renewables, and advocates implementing...

The aim of this article is to map out the governance of renewable energy and argues that effective renewable energy governance at the international and European level has become a major challenge of public international law and European Union (EU) law. The article first analyzes renewable energy...

This chapter provides an analysis of natural gas as a source to enhance energy security in the European Union (EU). To set the scene, section 2 gives an overview of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum as an example the gas oligopoly in today's market. Section 3 shows the basics of natural gas...

This chapter argues that the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was doomed to face difficulties ab initio and tries to draw lessons from the international trading system's architecture for climate change mitigation negotiations. The UNFCCC has traditionally...

This article explores emission units as a linkage in climate clubs in the hope of making a remarkable difference in climate change mitigation. It analyzes emission units trading in the context of regional trade agreements as a novel, promising, and effective way to mitigate climate change. It...

This working paper examines the climate-change mitigation law and policy of four major developing countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China (i.e., the BRICs). It will first analyze the case of Brazil, then India, then China and lastly Russia. The paper explores the main causes of Brazil’s...

This chapter aims to provide an analysis of the European Union’s (EU) external relations in the energy sector, focusing on EU-Russia energy trade relations and the Energy Community. Our hypothesis is that securing reliable flows of diverse sources of renewable energy would foster the EU's...

This chapter aims to provide an analysis of the European Union’s (EU) external relations in the energy sector, focusing on EU-Russia energy trade relations and the Energy Community. Our hypothesis is that securing reliable flows of diverse sources of renewable energy would foster the EU's...

This chapter explains two of the main Generalized Systems of Preferences (GSP)—the US program and the EU’s GSP. It indicates the reasons behind conditionality and possible future impacts. It discusses the European Union’s Generalized System of Preferences, the objectives, the types of GSP...

While global attention is focused on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change remains a defining, long-term challenge that requires policies to create sustainable economies. This challenging task is increasingly gaining attention among policymakers worldwide, since climate change is...