This paper examines the economic relations of Estonia and trends in its exports and imports with the most important countries globally in 2008-2014, and presents its export and import transactions in the main commodity groups in 2009-2014.2 Considering the many different tensions that have...

With the tightening of U.S. securities regulation as part of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the United Kingdom's more liberal laws have resulted in London surpassing New York as the world's financial capital. This paper examines how that came about, and asks whether it is a permanent condition, just as...

Decisions by arbitral tribunals in investment treaty cases do not have formal precedential status. Yet certain issues recur, and prior decisions at the least provide guidance to later tribunals. The content of the most frequently invoked substantive treaty provisions - the obligations to accord...

It is a buyer's market for foreign investors seeking remedies for wrongs they have allegedly suffered at the hands of host governments. They can usually seek relief in the courts of the host state, but, increasingly, they also have more cosmopolitan options to consider, including investor-state...

The recent emergence of SWFs as active and important players in international financial markets has raised a host of questions about their likely effect on markets and states. This trend is further reinforced in 2010/2011 by the fact that despite the fears and turbulences that spread all over...

This article analyses constitutional changes and policy consequences concerning the transfer to the supranational level of an external competence in the field of investment resulting from the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It states that EU Member States lose their...

Before the inception of WTO, India generally did not pursue any regional economic agreement route to promote trade or to achieve any other goal. However, in the Post Cancun Ministerial period, it has progressively entered into a number of preferential trade arrangements with several Asian as...

This is a chapter for the forthcoming book in West Publishing Company's Inside the Minds Series focusing on Financial Services Enforcement and Compliance (published by Aspatore Books). This chapter provides an overview of nature and current state of the markets for the equity side and debt...

Using the international investment regime as its point of departure, the paper introduces notions of bounded rationality to the study of economic diplomacy. Through a multi-method approach, it shows that developing countries often ignored the risks of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) until...