European competition law allocates far-reaching competences to the European Commission. The paper asks for the conditions under which the Commission may use these rights against the member states, focusing on the most powerful provision - the right of the Commission under Article 90 to issue...

Analyses of European integration processes are still dominated by the dichotomous debate between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism. Sides are often taken in this debate based on very case-specific empirical findings. An analysis of two cases, European telecommunications and electricity...

Characteristics of the German model of managed capitalism were particularly pronounced in highly regulated sectors and the utilities. Nevertheless, far-reaching reforms were enacted. Taking the examples of telecommunications, electricity, insurance and road haulage regulation, this study...

The discussion of the Services Directive from 2004 onwards showed an unprecedented extent of politicisation of a single-market issue. Coinciding with the Eastern enlargement in 2004, the easing of the services freedom through the Directive raised significant redistributive issues, given the...

Under European competition law the Commission has far-reaching competences. The article asks about the conditions under which the Commission may use these rights against the member states, focusing on the most powerful provision — the right of the Commission under Article 90 to issue...