In the late 1820s, when British Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel introduced legislation into the British parliament to create the very first police department, the phrase that the ‘police are the public, and the public are the police' was developed to allay public fears that the new institution...

The correctional system in the United States and elsewhere suffers from numerous problems (Welch, 1996, Austin and Irwin, 2001). One of the most important issues is that it is hard to obtain accurate information about corrections, incarceration, and prisoners. Consequently, many falsehoods,...