Objective: This study seeks to investigate the influence of social identity theory (Darwinian, missionary and communitarian) on nascent entrepreneurial behaviour with the indirect effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Research Design & Method: The authors collected data using...

Islam as a religion introduced the most humane rules in warfare before other religions or faiths could do it. Most authors acknowledge this fact, however, John Kelsay, Fredrick Donner, and few others doubt Islam's enormous contribution to bring in humanity in warfare. These authors assume that...

This article explains the law of peace treaties in Islam. Its findings are that the Imam (Muslim head of state) can enter into a peace treaty if it is beneficial for the Muslims and its provisions are not against the injunctions of Shari‘a. According to the preferred opinions of Muslim fuqha,...

This work presents an economic analysis of the issues surrounding pollution and the pollution pays principle (PPP) such as the conflict between economics and ecology, externalities, internalization of external costs, solutions to externalities, the economic instruments as recommended by the OECD...

Granting and protecting the rights of women in the domain of family law remains one of the most important areas of legislation in Pakistan. The role of judiciary is vital to ensure that the rights of women are protected because decisions of the superior judiciary are binding on the lower courts...

This paper explores the rights of protection available to the prisoners of war under Islamic law. It analyzes the differences of opinion among the early fuqaha’ regarding the POWs. The paper finds that the Qur’an mentions only two ways to terminate\ captivity, that is, mann (freedom gratis)...

This work argues that the cause(s) of war in Islam is never the elimination or subjugation of infidelity or the bringing of the whole world under the supremacy of Islam; rather it is to defend Islam and Muslims from external attacks. This work shows that the evolutionary theory of warfare in...

This work traces the history of the polluter pays principle (the PPP) in the early economic literature from 1920s. The OECD recommended the PPP as the ‘Guiding Principle Concerning the International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policies’ in 1972. In 1973 the Council of the European...

The following article focuses on the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Rules for the Mujahideen to determine their conformity with the Islamic jus in bello. This code of conduct, or Layha, for Taliban fighters highlights limiting suicide attacks, avoiding civilian casualties, and winning the battle...

The issue of the share of a grandchild under section 4 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961 has been hotly debated since its inception. The article ignites the old debate mainly to re-evaluate the arguments of its (non) Islamicity according to orthodox Islamic law as well as the Federal...