In FTC v. Actavis, the Supreme Court held that settlements by which brand drug firms pay generics to delay entering the market could violate antitrust law. In the period since the decision, the lower courts have made clear that “payment” extends beyond cash to encompass non-cash forms of...

Brand firms have delayed generic competition even when there are no (or weak) patents. This testimony to the FTC highlights 6 such behaviors: (1) pay-for-delay settlements, (2) product hopping, (3) citizen petitions, (4) "REMS" restrictions, (5) non-REMS distribution restrictions, and (6)...

Bigness as such is not an offence in the EU. Nonetheless, in several EU- and Non-EU-jurisdictions there exist powers to order the breaking up of large firms if this is deemed necessary to remedy adverse effects on competition even if they were not created by an unlawful merger or by abusive...

The enforcement policy of the Egyptian Competition Law reveals that there are two varying approaches in relation to the concept of related parties/single economic unit. The first requires for parties to be related, to be active in the same relevant market. This created discrepancies in practice....

Following a comparative perspective, we assess the abuse of dominance provisions in competition law in Chile and South Africa. Unlike the institutional structure, that is similar in both countries, the legal provisions proscribing anti-competitive arrangements and conduct differ substantially....

Big data is an important phenomenon injecting transformative effects into social and economic relationships. Consumers, firms and machines produce unprecedented amounts of data collected, stored and analysed by leveraging the synergic capabilities of mathematics, computer science and the...

Digital platforms are at the heart of online economic activity, connecting multi-sided markets of producers and consumers of various goods and services. Their market power and their privileged ecosystem positions raise concerns that they may engage in anti-competitive practices that reduce...