Feminist international law scholarship has always insisted on showing the human faces of the state. The sources of international law are learnt by heart from Article 38 of the International Court of Justice statute, namely treaties, customary international law derived from the practice of...

The Coronavirus pandemic ( “COVID-19”) first broke out in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in China in December, 2019. The infectious disease has since spread to six continents and many countries with dire human consequences and adverse impacts on the economies of various countries. The...

This paper is a contribution to a book on exploring how hard and soft international law are used in advocating for social change. It focuses on the two sets of international standards that are applicable to international finance. The first are the international financial regulatory standards...

This chapter explores the so-called ‘Turn to History’ in international legal scholarship. Interest in the intellectual history or ‘history of ideas’ of international law has surged around the last turn of the century. Nijman contextualises this development and stages three possible...

Historical perspectives, as well as recent work in psychology, converge on the conclusion that human behavior is the product of two or more qualitatively different neural processes that operate according to different principles and often clash with one another. We describe a specific 'dual...

Former US President Donald Trump represents the most significant “change agent” in international law in recent decades, withdrawing from and attacking a variety of international agreements. In this paper, I analyze Trump as a change agent, analyzing the nature of his policies and the...

This article will assess whether the changes in asylum-seeker movement over the most recent ten years to more significantly involve new states, such as the conflicts in Syria and Ukraine, may be bringing about changes in how we assess customary international law on refugee law. The recent...

In the most recent few years, customary international law is increasingly crystalizing to affirm that states must grant nationality to children born in their territory, if they would be otherwise stateless. In prior scholarship, this author has argued that such a norm of a customary...

Democracies have a stronger incentive to comply with international law than autocracies, but they will not comply when faced with violations by other states. International law is a mechanism of cooperation between states: it can make states vulnerable for betrayal, but also increase their...

This paper will analyze differential treatment of developing countries in international law. Differential treatment for developing countries is a core concept for addressing inequalities between developed and developing countries in a broad range of international agreements. Differential...