After presenting a broad review of Friedrich List's infant industry argument (Erziehungszollargument) departing from collected works of List, this study aims to compare his ideas with that of Hamilton, Say, Mill, Bastable and Kemp. It underlines the restricted theoretical validity of the...

The export performance of Indian agricultural commodities in the post WTO agreement on agriculture is not encouraging. Substantial increase of cost of farming due to steep increase of prices of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and seeds gradually make farming as non-profitable. This also reduces...

Conventional economic theory advocates trade liberalization, and ultimately free trade because its benefits are said to outweigh its costs. This paper states the arguments for and against the liberalization of trade and then analyzes the case of Pakistan's trade liberalization. Some...

The international organizations acting at world-wide scale seems unable to manage the multitude of rising problems due to the accelerated globalization and of the fast geopolitics’ shift. The world is facing growing imbalances in international trade and financial flows, deepening of social...

One of the roots of the current global imbalances resides in the asymmetry of the international trade flows under the constraints of maintaining non-tariff barriers and of protectionism revival. Trade liberalization is critical for restoring the financial global equilibrium. The study is...

This paper focuses on the necessary conditions required in order to exploit the substitution effect which arises when there is a shift in demand induced by import quotas under imperfect competition. The protective policy succeeds if the substitution effect shifts in favor of goods produced by...

From 2018 through 2019, the United States and China imposed a series of wide-ranging increases in import tariffs which have dramatically raised trade barriers between the two largest economies in the world. With a focus on the import side, this paper provides evidence on the impact of the trade...

This paper reviews the recent experience of importing countries’ contingent protection measures against input subsidies from escalated export taxes in biodiesel imports from Argentina. The analysis indicates that the end result of a WTO that is empty of rules on primary agricultural export...

From 2018 through 2019, the United States and China imposed a series of wide-ranging increases in import tariffs which have dramatically raised trade barriers between the two largest economies in the world. With a focus on the import side, this paper provides evidence on the impact of the trade...

World trade has grown rapidly. Several factors are highlighted by literature as a driving force behind the growth of world trade. Reduction in barriers to trade is one of them. A comprehensive empirical investigation is carried to ascertain the trade reducing and increasing effect of barriers to...