Ascertaining whether patents encourage invention necessitates understanding the incentives inventors respond to. The … British patent system prior to its reform in 1852 was cumbersome and expensive. Whether it facilitated or delayed the … Industrial Revolution is hotly debated. This paper's contribution is to examine the incentives to patent, and the characteristics …

China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity … by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than … patent holders. Furthermore, the paper examines what drives patenting activity. Higher R&D spending by the firm and higher …

While policymakers often assume venture capital has a profound impact on innovation, that premise has not been … address concerns that these results are an artifact of our use of patent counts by demonstrating similar patterns when other … measures of innovation are used in a sample of 530 venture-backed and non-venture-backed firms …

This dataset introduces patent-based indicators such as indicators of technology development, indicators of …