This article examines the recent developments concerning the treatment of internal sales (intra-group or captive sales) in the process of setting fines for violations of EU Competition Law. In particular, it looks into Guardian Industries, LG Display and InnoLux, in which the Court of Justice...

Following a comparative perspective, we assess the abuse of dominance provisions in competition law in Chile and South Africa. Unlike the institutional structure, that is similar in both countries, the legal provisions proscribing anti-competitive arrangements and conduct differ substantially....

Digital platforms operate in multisided markets providing services through the internet to two or more distinct groups of users, between which there are indirect network effects. Direct network effects are frequently present within each group. Therefore, online platforms usually present both...

Unfair practices by online platforms have not only exclusionary effects on relevant markets but also exploitative effects on captive business users (and/or individual users). Nevertheless, attention is lopsided with most of the focus having been placed on the exclusionary abuse. With the aim of...

On Friday, April 11th, 2008, the second leg of the Antitrust Marathon took place. A number of antitrust practitioners and scholars from Europe and North America met at the Competition Appeal Tribunal in London to discuss the comparative state of monopolization law. This meeting, co-sponsored by...

In the last years, some Standard-Setting Organizations (“SSOs”) active in wireless communications have experimented new pricing principles for standard essential patents (“SEPs”). One of those experiments is the “SSPPU” rule. Under SSPPU, the licensing rates paid to owners of SEPs...

This paper argues that the judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU in Huaweï v ZTE is of conservative craft. Huaweï v ZTE only extends by a razor-thin margin the zone of antitrust liability for patent owners. The Court appears reluctant to relax its traditional case-law that affirms...

Traditionally, the way competition law has viewed the exchange or sharing of information among competing firms, has been to some extent mainly negative, at least from the supply side. Present market conditions, an excessively transparent market, where operators exchange detailed and (prospect)...

Since Citizens United, the amount of spending on political campaigns has increased, and to a lesser extent, so has corporate spending on political advertisements. However, the increase in corporate spending on elections fails to indicate whether corporate political spending corrupts the...