In this paper, we argue that lower prices for pharmaceuticals can be achieved by fostering a new type of competition in … the pharmaceutical industry. Lower drug development costs, and hence prices, can be brought about by abolishing national … drug administrations and replacing them with private certification boards that compete on the basis of safety, efficiency …

There is scarce empirical evidence on the impacts of drug consumption decriminalization, especially, on problematic … drug use and violence. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized the consumption of all illicit drugs. In this paper, we focus on … determining the short, medium, and long-term impact of Portuguese decriminalization on mortality due to drug use and homicides …

prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in response. In this paper, I use a new micro-level medical claims database to … least 23% of opioid abuse is a result of drug diversion to nonmedical opioid users. PDMPs were not successful in decreasing …