The Pringle judgment generated significant academic comment, concerning all aspects of the case. It raises, as will be seen, broader issues as to the nature of legal reasoning and the role played therein by text and background purpose or teleology. Gunnar Beck is very critical of the CJEU,...

The financial crisis, and resulting crisis with the Euro, has had profound effects on the EU, and its Member States, even those that do not form part of the Euro zone. It has generated a welter of measures to combat the ‘problem' and this flurry of initiatives has not yet come to an end, nor...

It is instructive to return to fundamentals when thinking about EU damages liability and state liability in damages for breach of EU law. The evolution of the case law is especially interesting given that the Court was working from something akin to a tabula rasa in both instances. Article 215...

The Brexit saga concluded in a predictably dramatic manner. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the UK was completed at the 11th hour, just days before the end of the transition period. The preceding days bore the hallmarks of discourse that verged between the stage managed...

The EEC, now the EU, has passed its half-century. The sixty plus years have witnessed development, change and evolution that will be charted in the chapters of this book. This chapter seeks to lay the groundwork for later discussion by considering two related issues. The first half of the...

The financial crisis is arguably the most significant challenge to the EU since the inception of the EEC. It has generated an array of political, legal and institutional responses the complexity of which is daunting in itself. The current paper considers these developments, and places them...

This chapter is an historical perspective on the internal market. It is a challenging enterprise. To distil a narrative flow from 60 years of development necessitates discretion and choice, the very exercise of which perforce shapes the ensuing story. There are doubtless multiple stories that...