In contrast to prior studies, which have generally argued that the failure of innovations to diffuse within an organization stems from informational or motivational difficulties, we propose that the failure to adopt an innovation can also arise from a form of organizational provincialism....

We extend theory on private-collective innovation by studying the role of exclusion rights for technology in the competition between private-collective and other innovators. We argue that private-collective innovators both pledge their own and invest in orphan exclusion rights for technology as...

On the basis of accounting and market data for firms and groups listed on German stock exchanges between 1997 and 2003, we show that the value relevance of Ramp;D information under German accounting standards can be superior to that provided by US-GAAP and IAS. The results, obtained while...

For the first time, we use primary data of German firms to investigate the usefulness of patent data as a source of investor information on the value of a company's intangibles depending on the market cycle (bull/bear market). At first, our results confirm those of earlier US studies in that...

Patent trolls (or sharks) are small patent holding individuals or firms who trap R&D intense manufacturers in patent infringement situations in order to receive damage awards for the illegitimate use of their technology. While of great concern to management, their existence and impact for both...

Novelty and non-obviousness (inventive step) are patentability requirements designed to ensure a minimum of technological quality for protected inventions. Their effectiveness requires the assumption that private values of patents are positively correlated with technological quality as defined...

In order to assess if new theories are necessary to explain new forms of organizing, or whether existing theories suffice, we must first specify exactly what makes a form of organizing “new.” We propose clear criteria for making such an assessment, and show how they are useful in assessing...

Patent trolls appropriate innovation rents by threatening to block other players’ R&D-related value creation. Legal loopholes and inefficiencies in court practice have been identified as drivers of these ‘locking-in-to-extort’ strategies, which might suggest that policy changes can...