Trade in Africa is largely characterized by trade with foreign countries. Many African countries rely on earnings from export of natural resources, as well as food and commodities imported from outside the borders of Africa. Thus, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Africa immediately...

International trade in Bangladesh is extremely modest in comparison to the size of the country's population, however, it has grown rapidly in recent years. It is not highly diverse and is subject to market swings on a global scale. This study examines the economy's performance in terms of...

There are many factors that determine the trade relationship among various countries of the same and different regions. Factors such as import-export duties, subsidies, political climate, cultural differences, size of the economy and even distance between the borders. These factors have been...

Emerging in the twenty-first century, Network Science provides practical measures to interpret a system's interactions between the components and their links. Literature has focused on countries' interconnections on the final goods, but its application on the value-added from a network...

This article aims to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and Amazon company, one of the most preferred online shopping companies. In doing this, we analyze the relationship between stock prices and sales. Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak on December 1, 2019, online shopping...

The paper examines the global and regional implications of China’s revitalized state capitalism model through the sectoral lens of the Chinese automotive industry. China’s automotive industry stands at the intersection of both traditional and green industrial policy. Starting as a cautious...

China’s geopolitical ambitions give rise to risks that government agencies and the businesses they regulate need to address. In particular, Military-Civil Fusion (MCF), a whole-of-government legal and administrative machinery created by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), aims to give China’s...

The growing interest in global value chains (GVCs) has been paired with a greater appreciation of the need for better measurement methods, as reflected by recent initiatives from academia and leading international organizations. This research note focuses on one method to measure GVCs that has...

Written for the Cambridge Handbook on International and Comparative Trademark Law (forthcoming), this chapter surveys US law and policy regarding certification marks and collective marks. It summarizes the current statutory framework and associated case law, then briefly posits some future...

We study the role of financial development on the aggregate effects and welfare implications of reducing international trade barriers on production inputs such as physical capital and intermediates. We document that financially underdeveloped economies feature a slower response of real GDP,...