than evaluating a single program, we estimate the impact of R&D subsidies on start-ups’ employment growth and their patent …%. Furthermore, subsidized start-ups show a 2.8 times higher patent output. These estimates provide evidence for the additionality of …-offs which excels in the novelty of business ideas and patent activity. For some of these high-tech start-ups, no non …

examines the development and the impact of publicly funded R&D consortia in Germany. The paper describes the history of R …&D funding in Germany with a focus on the development of measures encouraging collaborative R&D activities among firms and public … that collaborating firms are more likely to patent than others. Within the group of collaborating firms, participants in …

science and engineering in Germany that a higher budget share from industry reduces publication output of professors both in … engineering faculty in Germany. If information sharing among scientists via publications is the basis for cumulative knowledge … if measured by patent citations. Industry funding may thus have beneficial effects by improving impact and quality of …